Bearing



C. A. PARSONS AND S. COOK.

BEARING APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1922.

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Patented Dec. 5,1922.

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c. A. PARSONS AND s. s. CO0K.

, BEARING:

APPLICATION FILED FEB-15.1922.

1,438,054, Patented De.5,1922.

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BEARING; APPLICATION FILED FEB- 15, I922.

Patented Dec. 5,1922.-

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BEARING;

APPLICATION FILED FEB-15,1922.

1,438,054,- Patefited Dec. 5,1922.

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APPLICATION FILED FEB-15,1922- Patented Dec. 5, 1922.

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-C. A. PARSONS AND S. S. COOK.

BEARING;

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 15, 1922.

1,438,054, Patented Dec. 5,1922.

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. BEARING. APPLICATION FILED FEB-15,1922.

Patented Dec. 5, 1922.

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Patented Dec. 5; 192a EN'r OFFICE.

rmwcAsrnn-uron- TYNE, ENenAm); sen coox ASSIGNOR To SAID reasons.- amine. Application illed February 15, 1922. Serial No. 536,812.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that we, CHARLES AmnnNoN Parsons, and STANLEY subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and both residing at Heaton Works, ewcastle-upon-Tyne, in the county of Northumberland, England,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Bearings, of which the following is a specification,

his invention relates to bearings type in which surfaces in relative motion are se arated by a film of lubricant and carry cad.

In all such bearings, the distribution of load over the surfaces is essentially unstable if the supports and backing ofthe surfaces are comparatively rigid and if the surfaces are accurately fitted together initially. Any such slight local inequality of pressure as in practice it is impossible to avoid will generate more or less local frictional heat and cause .an increased local rise or fall relatively to the surface as a whole, and thus augment the original inequality; moreover, this process will tend to cgitinue especiallyathigh surface speeds, until the lubricant is squeezed out and the surfaces seize.

In practice the action by the elasticity of the backing, the partial give or melting of the surface, if of white metal, and the thermal conductivity of the backing which tends to distribute the heat in the direction of the lane of the surface or in the direction of tlib tan ent plane (if the surfaces are curved), wh' e the relative motion of the surfaces helps to distribute 40 the heat longitudinally in the direction of motion.

We are aware that many devices. have been suggested to secure more even distribution 'of load by dividing up the surfaces into sections supported on compensating levers, steel balls in contact'and other equivalent devices.

The object of .theto secure automatlca y an approximate equal distribution of pressure in spite of small initial inaccuracies in a simple and effective manner. a

The invention is based on the princi Is that if the surfaces of two plates or at er elements having difierent coefiicients of exresent invention is of any described is limited pansion or being temperatures are suitably figured to each other with complementary contours, these contours may be so designed as to' allow the plates or the like to come closertogether as the temperature rises, and. vice versa.

t1on:-i-

Figure .1 shows a view of a cylindrical bearin provided with compensating segmenta strips, the figure being as regards its upper half an elevation. with the backing in section and as regards its lower half a longitudinal section;

v Figure 2 is a cross-section taken 'on the line A-A of Figure 1..

or maintained at different Referring to the accompanying drawings illustrating different forms of the inven Figure 3- is a. view similar to that of Filglllire 1 showing the application to a cy dri cal bearing of compensating conical plugs;

Flge 4 is a crossesection taken on the line B of Figure 3. A

Figures 4 4", 4 are view's similar to the lower half of Figure 3 showing modi fied forms of conical .Figure 6 being a sect oi on the line (3-0 section of a thrust. Y but showing the appli-i cation of compensating screw-pads instead of Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a similar. to Figure 6,

of conical plugs.

and support of Fig.

Figure 8 is a detail view -in sect1on of 3111:0113 of screwplug having an. Interrupted t ea F'gure 8* being a corres endinglam view of the plug place the tlii'ust P d, n

Fi e as" 9 is a detail view of a modification mg dire in 7, is scre ed nto an intermedlate brass plate.

Fig. 7 i an enlarged detail of the element 8? a cross'sectionthrough the plug plug. 7 I Figure 5 shows the application of a num- I w oh the screwed plug instead of resty against the backing as shown Figure 10. is a detail view showing the principle exemplified in Fi to the case of a double-conical plug. Finall Figure 11 showsa view, in section as re gards its upper half and in side elevation as regards its lower half, of a cross head fitted with compensating conical plugs.

Figure 12 being a cross-section on the line D-D of Figure 11, and

Figure 13 a plan view of one of the slippers.

Where desirable, the same reference symbols have been used to. denote the corresponding parts of different types of bearm s.

In carrying the invention into effect ac cording to one form as applied to a bearing for a cylindrical shaft, a, (see Figures 1 and 2) a brass bush, 7), lined with white metal a, has formed in it a number of circumferential grooves withtapered sides, d, in which are arranged a series of steel segments, 0. Each such segment has been shown extending over something less than half the circumference of the circle, but may "preferably be made in short strips separated by small gaps. The segments, 6, whether long or short, may be held in thebush by screw pins, f, passing through them, and are surrounded by a backing, h, of suitable material. a

If local heating occurs in such a bearing, the bush, 1), will expand more than the segments, 6, and the latter will therefore sink more deeply into the grooves,-d, maintainmg constant the over-all dimensions of the combined white metal, bush and segments, and therefore preventing seizing of the shaft.

In Figures 3 and 4 a modification of the above bearing is shown, in which instead of the grooves, d, a number'of conical holes, 71, are formed in the brass bush and in each of these a conical steel plug, 9, is inserted held loosely in position by screws, f, as above.

In Figure 4 a modified form of plug, 9, is shown, the bearing surface of each of which takes the form of a series of stepped conical surfaces, j, arranged co-axially and with a common apex. The treads, 7' of the steps also take the form of conical surfaces, but reversely disposed and have an appropriate clearance as shown.

In Figure 49, another form of plug, 9 is shown, in which the conical surfaces, f, are similar to those last described but the treads, j, with the proper clearance take the form of plane surfaces.

Finally, in the form of plug, g. shown in Figure 4, only two conical bearing surfaces, f, and j, within the other at about the same mean distance from the axis of the shaft, a, an

re 9 applied are shown arranged one wasps-t annular projection, j, from the bush, I), ooacting on its interior surface with the sur' face, f and having a. clearance as regards its outer surface.

In all the last three modifications described the outer surface, j of each plug is shown as spherical with a radius preferably slightly less than that of the bore of the cylindrical backing, the screws, f, being dispensed with. If desired the outer surface of the plugs, g, in Figure 3 maybe modified in like manner and the corresponding screws also dispensed with.

Passing now to-Figures 5 and 6, the invention is shown aplied to the pad of a thrust block, the ac ual pad of brass being shown at is, faced with white metal, m, and provided on its rear face with a number of conical holes, a, in each of which is inserted a steel plug, 0. These plugs, 0, bear on a backing, 1', provided with a hardened steel centre, 8, to allow the pad to tilt in a wellknown manner, the ad proper and its backing being held loose y together by the screw pin, t. In this modification, in a manner similar to the case of the cylindrical bearing, rise of temperature will cause the brass pad, is, to expand more than the steel plugs, 0, which will therefore enter more deeply into the sockets in the pad and maintain substantially constant the over-all dimensions in a direction at right angles to the working face.

In Figure 7 is shown another form of the invention in which instead of conical plugs a number of screwed steel plugs, u, are inserted in the corresponding internallythreaded holes in the brass pad, is. The uneven expansion of the pad k and plugs to has the effect of causing the former which has the greater expansion to approach the end of the plug thereby producing the effect of the plug sinking into the recesses.- There is no actual bodily movement of the plug in relation to the pad as is true in the modifications which show the plug as having smooth surfaces. It is merely a matter of metal expansion. When the pad I: cools, a. contraction will follow and this member will pull away from the plugs, with the apparent result that the plugs have been partially withdrawn from the recesses. -A key, 11, is fitted to prevent the plug turning.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the righthand half of the device shown in Fig. 7 From this it will be clear that the plugs 10 rest on the backing 1'. The plugs u are preferably somewhat smaller in diameter than the recesses so that there is a clearance between the male and female threads. In any case, however, the plugs become slack asthe ad expands.

It will be seen that the force pressing the pad, 72 towards the backing 1' causes the female threads in the latter to reston only one side of the male thread of the lugsu,

so that they behave practically in t same manner as the simple conical surfaces shown in the otherforms, that is to say, that with an increases in diameterof the socket relative to the plug, the latter sinks a Figure 7 ,it may be lengthened as shown in into the former or with the latter stationar the socket slides further over the plug. t-

will be clear that the only difference between the screwed form and the simple cones is that in the former the conical surface is distorted into a spiral.

Looking at the matter? from a'slightly different angle, the-spiral surface is substantially the same'in actionas though it were replaced by a number of simple conical surfaces one below the other.

If the plug were'of considerable length,

longitudinal expansion would cause it to.

ride on the threads nearest the backing r when heated above the normal and contraction would cause it to rest on the threads farthest from the backing r if cooled below the normal temperature. With a shortthread, however,'of the kind shown in F 7, the 'efi'ect' of longitudinal expansion is small and a good compromise is obtained with a very simple construction.

In Figures 8, 8 and 8", amodification is shown in which the threaded plug -'w, has formed in it a numberoflo 'tudinal grooves, it, after the manner of t e interrupted thread of a breach block, the inter na threads of the holes receiving the plugs being correspondingly formed. In this form'of the invention, the key, a, may take an arcuate form to correspond with the longitudinal interruption in the threads.

If greater compensation is desired, in-

stead of the steel plug resting directly against the shrouding or backing, 1', as -in Figure 9 and screwed into another brass plate, is, which in turn rests against the shrouding, thus giving twice the amount of give with the same form ofscrew thread.

I with variations 0 'n Figure 1.0 a corresponding modification of the conical plug type is shown, in which the plug, 0', has the form of'two truncated cones base to base and isarranged in corresponding sockets in the plates, is.

Finally, in Figures 11, 12 and 13, the invention is shownapplied to a cross-head,

the slippers, e, of which have .formed in them a number of conical holes, 2, in each of which is arran ed a steel plug, 3, acting 5 temperature in the manner described above 1n relation to other forms of the invention.

Cwing to the manner in which the bear-' ing is supported on a'large number of such compensating elements actin as pillars, the alignment 0 the whole sur ace is approxithis form, also, a key, 41, should be fitted to revent the plug turning in its hole. I

mately maintained in spite of local variations in pressure and temperature.

Moreover, if desired, with such arrangemodified in any of the ways therein set forth in particular, instead of metals having difi'erent co eflicients of expansion, the same or different metals having the .same rate of expansion may be utilized, unequal heating being relied on to provide the necessary differential expansio v Moreover, it will be evident that the'contours of the bearing surface-may be plane, cylindrical, conical or curved, and details of construction. may take a great variety of different forms without departing from the nature. of the invention above described.

Having now described our invention,

.what"we"claim 'as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is V 1. A compensating bearing comprlslng in combination a common supporting member having a plurality of sockets defined by outwardly diverging surfaces and a plurality of load carrying plug members with corresponding converging surfaces disposed one each in. the sockets of said common supporting member, said common supportin member andsaid plug members being di ferentially expansible, so that if local overheating occurs the plug member ormembers concerned enters'a certain distance into its socket thus transferring itsload-into'the re r maining plug forth.

2. A 'compensatingbearlng comprising in member ormembers, as set combination a common supporting member having a plurality of sockets-defined by outwardly diverging surfaces and a plurality of load carrylng plug members with corresponding converging surfaces disposedv one each in the sockets of said common supporting member, saidcommon supporting member having a greater coeflicient of expansion than said plug members, so-that if local overheating occurs the plug member or members concerned enters a certain distance into its socket thus transferring its load to the remaining plug member or members, as set forth- I In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS. STANLEY SMITH COOK. 

